Indiginous plants nursery

Indigenous Plants Nursery

Kotagiri Indigenous Plants Nursery

Bikkapathi Mund, near Ooty, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

Introduction and Background

Indigenous nursery Bikkapathi mund

The Kotagiri Indigenous Plants Nursery was established in November 2024 in Bikkapathi Mund, a Toda village near Ooty, as a satellite nursery to the existing facility maintained by Keystone Foundation in Kotagiri. Developed as part of a broader effort to restore degraded forest ecosystems in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the nursery aims to cultivate and supply native species for ecological restoration initiatives. The nursery’s initial focus is to provide native saplings for a reforestation project in the community forest of Bikkapathi Mund, following the removal of the invasive cestrum species.

The Nilgiris’ native montane ecosystems, particularly the shola forests, play a critical role in biodiversity conservation and water retention at higher altitudes of the Western Ghats. Fragmentation of these landscapes and the spread of invasive species have necessitated locally embedded, community-led responses. The nursery initiative addresses this need while creating pathways for livelihood generation and ecological knowledge revival within the Toda community.

Community Participation and Management

The nursery is managed by four women from Bikkapathi Mund: T. PuthuSin, AnjuLakshmi, Bhuvana Rani, and Devindi, each representing a family in the ten-household village. All four women were trained in nursery management, landscaping, and species propagation as part of the project’s capacity-building phase. Through their involvement, traditional ecological knowledge—particularly that related to forest species—is being actively revitalised.

While the nursery is not yet operated full-time due to seasonal wage labour commitments in agriculture and construction, it serves as a consistent income-generating activity. The participating women are paid a daily wage of ₹600, which is higher than prevailing local rates for daily wage work and aligned with gender parity in compensation.

Bikkapathi Mund

Nursery Operations and Progress

Indigenous nursery

Occupying less than one acre of land, the nursery propagated 900 saplings of 16 native species within its first six months of operation. This includes five species of native grasses and eleven species of endemic trees, selected for their ecological value in Shola restoration. Saplings and stalks were procured from local sources, supporting related conservation initiatives in the region.

A polyhouse has been established to improve propagation and seedling health. The nursery’s development includes infrastructure such as a water motor, storage racks (awaiting delivery), and a designated mother bed area, all facilitated by support from the Enterprise Hub and the Chapple Foundation. Although not yet profitable, the nursery has laid foundational systems for scale-up, and currently draws operational funding from the Chapple grant.

Indigenous nursery
Indigenous plant nursery

Challenges and Constraints

The nursery operates in a remote location with limited road access, which has delayed the delivery of materials and equipment, including the plant racks. Unseasonal and heavy rainfall in the early part of 2025 has further affected construction and delayed the flowering cycles of many species, which in turn slowed seed collection and planting activities. Social and cultural practices present additional challenges. In Toda custom, certain forest zones are considered sacred and may only be accessed by men. As a result, the women managing the nursery rely on male members of their community for seed collection. While this restricts full control over sourcing, it has nevertheless facilitated collaboration within the village and opened new spaces for ecological learning and decision-making among women. The women also face economic pressure to engage in agricultural wage labour during peak seasons. Since the nursery currently offers only part-time engagement, nursery activities are scheduled around their existing commitments, resulting in irregular work cycles.

Bikkapathi mund

Impact Overview

The nursery has created a supplementary income stream for the women involved, who are paid ₹600 per day—an amount higher than the prevailing local wage rates—and are projected to earn between ₹60,000 and ₹85,000 annually by the second year of operations. While not yet profitable, the nursery has begun generating modest revenue through the sale of native saplings priced between ₹50 and ₹1,000. In addition to its economic potential, the nursery supports local ecological restoration by propagating and supplying genetically diverse, native species essential to the health of the Nilgiris’ montane ecosystems. These include endemic grasses and trees suited to the local terrain and climate, with a growing stock of over 900 saplings across 16 species. The project also fosters community stewardship over natural resources, integrating traditional ecological knowledge with new training in nursery practices. Through their work, the women have gained experience in species selection, propagation, and basic ecological landscaping, while playing an active role in the region’s restoration economy. Leadership and decision-making responsibilities are held by the women themselves, which marks a notable shift in access to technical knowledge and local enterprise for forest-dependent communities.

Support from the Enterprise Hub

Through support from the Enterprise Hub and the Chapple Foundation, the nursery has benefited from infrastructure development, training programs, and ongoing technical guidance. This includes:

  • Construction of nursery beds and a polyhouse
  • Provision of water supply infrastructure (motor pump)
  • Training in nursery design, management, and record-keeping
  • Introduction to ecological landscaping and species selection
  • Knowledge integration on plant geography, benefits, and cultivation techniques

 

These investments have laid the groundwork for the nursery to become a model for gender-inclusive green enterprises in ecologically sensitive zones.

Next Steps

By 2026, the nursery aims to scale its propagation capacity to 10,000 saplings per year, enabling supply to private landowners, estate managers, and local government-led reforestation efforts. Expansion is contingent on overcoming present access barriers and improving seasonal regularity in operations.

Work is underway to formalise a seasonal calendar, explore collaborations with other nurseries and restoration sites, and stabilise a part-time to full-time work structure. As the project grows, it is expected to play a more prominent role in the local restoration economy, while continuing to serve as a livelihood and knowledge platform for women from forest-dependent communities.